History of the DC Universe: The Iron Age
The successful revitalization of the Silver Age Teen Titans led DC's editors to look for ways to do the same to other characters. The result was the Wolfman/Pérez 12-issue limited series
Crisis on Infinite Earths. Designed to revitalize the characters and help to retcon several complicated backstory and continuity errors. It was also DC's 50th Anniversary. Different alternate Universes had been introduced with Earth one being the setting of the Golden Age stories and Earth Two as the setting of the Silver Age stories. This was seen as confusing as readers often found it difficult to keep track of the two versions and the continuity of the two separate worlds. It was decided the two would be merged into one world with a new history. The Multiverse would also be simplified.
Several alternate universes had been introduced in the past 50 years. Some would become common tropes such as Earth three, in which Heroes and Villains were reversed, or Earth X where the Axis had won World War II. Others were intentionally created by DC to represent the Universes of other companies in the event of crossovers and later when those companies were merged into DC. This included Charlton Comics and Quality Comics. With Fawcett no longer able to support itself outside the UK, the rights to Captain Marvel were sold. Marvel Comics(wanting to have a character with that name and banking on his popularity) and DC(wanting to absorb an old competitor) both placed their bets. The bidding process occurred during DC's
Crisis on Infinite Earths and the bidding swung in DC's favor. Captain Marvel appeared in a few issues of Marvel's
Captain Britain series and that was it, culminating in a small cameo where he was depicted being killed off by that arc's enemy the Fury, who murdered all the Heroes of another Universe. DC fully integrated Fawcett and made the "Fawcett Universe" Earth 5 in the Multiverse. Earth 5 had previously been the setting for a story in which Batman was sent to an alternate world to stop his parent's killer, indirectly inspiring Earth 5's Bruce Wayne to become Batman. It was also previously confirmed that Krypton did not exist in that Universe(or had been destroyed with no survivors). This explained why there was a lack of Superheroes aside from the Marvel family on that Earth. Earth 8. meanwhile had through crossovers been confirmed to be the Marvel Universe.
The Anti-Monitor fights heroes from multiple Earths.
Crisis on Infinite Earths begins with a massive wave on Antimatter destroying Earth 3. The Supervillain counterparts of the Justice League, the Crime Syndicate, attempt to save as many people as they can, commenting on the irony of their last moments spent being heroes while their lives were spent as villains. Luthor and his wife Lois send their son, Alexander Luthor Jr, into another universe to protect him as the universe is destroyed. He is adopted by the Monitor and grows quickly under his care. The Monitor recruits several heroes and villains alike to place "Tuning Forks" across the Universe and across time to protect them from the Anti-matter wave released by his alternate universe counterpart, the Anti-Monitor. This brings in characters from across DC's history, as heroes from each time period such as World War II, the Wild West, and various Pasts and Futures. When the villain Dr.Light is killed, the Monitor takes his powers and gives them to the Japanese Businesswoman Kimiyo Hoshi, as light is needed to power the Pillars at the right moment. The Monitor is killed when the Anti-Monitor possesses his assistant Harbringer, but this turned out to be part of his plan. His death allows him to give his life force to merge Earth one and Earth Two, sparing both. Other Universes also begin to merge, bringing those worlds into conflict. A group of Heroes travels to engage the Anti-Monitor in battle. They are able to force him to retreat but at the cost of the Silver Age Superman's life. This led to the original Superman taking up the mantle.
Believing the Anti-Monitor to be dead, the gathered Super villains from each world launch a massive attack on the alternate universes now that they are all threatening to merge. Barry Allen, the Flash, having followed the Anti-Monitor, is able to sabotage the Anti-Monitor's cannon, which had it fired, would have destroyed the Universe, dying in the process. The Spectre interrupts the fighting between the Heroes and the Villains, revealing the Anti-Monitor to still be a threat. The Heroes and villains team up. The villains go to prevent the experiment by the scientist Krona which originally created the multiverse and with it the Anti-Monitor, while the Heroes go to battle the Anti-Monitor at the Big Bang before he could prevent the universe from coming into existence. An explosion occurs and the Heroes are knocked back. The Villains also fail, being subdued by the Oans. The Anti-Monitor makes one final devastating assault on Earth where he is finally defeated.
In the aftermath, the new History incorporated legacy into the new Universe Post Crisis. Several writers wrote final stories to the original universe, which were released under the banner of
Zero Crisis, the idea being that those stories are how the Universe would have unfolded had there been no Crisis to alter history. Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster returned to pen
The Last Superman Story. Originally intended to be the conclusion to the Silver Age Superman, it was instead decided to be the end of the original Golden Age Superman that the duo had created, because Alan Moore demanded he write such as story(OTL he allegedly threatened to kill Curt Swan if he didn't get to write it). Moore was appeased by being given permission to write a story for the Silver Age Superman's ending:
Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow? At the same time, Frank Miller penned,
The Dark Knight Returns, as an ending to the silver age Batman. All the "Zero Crisis" Stories took place on the newly Designated Earth 3, while the Crime Syndicate and their world was labeled as "Earth minus one."
For Barry Allen's last story(as he had died in the Crisis),
The Trial of the Flash was released. Cary Bates had several plans which he was able to implement after
Crisis on Infinite Earths due to the permission to write the "What If Barry Allen Survived?" story as part of
Zero Crisis. It included Flash being found guilty of a crime he didn't commit and going "on the run." This kicked off a new story arc which had Flash continuing to do his good deeds as a wanted man with an arrest warrant hanging over his head. Bates liked "the delicious irony of a Flash who ends up joining his own Rogues Gallery." An extra issue helped show the Flash's life continue as if he had not died, showing the family he had with Iris. Bittersweet after the character's death in the Crisis.
Cover to the Trial of the Flash
Hardcover
To introduce the new Universe, a series titled
The History of the DC Universe was released. The series was written by several creators including John Byrne and Frank Miller. In this new reality, Superman and Batman were legacy characters. Superman and Lois married and had two children, Jonathan and Lara. Jonathan had a career as Superboy growing up in the 50's before becoming Superman II in the 1960's. Lex Luthor also had a son, allowing his normal role to be taken while Luthor became the Ultra-Humanite in this new setting. The older Superman and Lois came to reside on the Kent farm while Jonathan Kent as Superman II had his own adventures in Metropolis. Part of Jonathan's backstory involved him fighting in Vietnam and falling in love while recovering from his wounds as he had not yet reached the full extent of his powers. This meant Jonathan Kent had a girlfriend and Fiancee named Lei Mei. Kara Kent meanwhile acted as Supergirl in this reality, her personality being very different from the original. She has black hair instead of blonde. Later on she changed her name to Power Woman when she became an adult in universe, this is due to the characters now aging in real time.
Batman went through a similar transformation. In this new continuity he was previously married to Julie Madison and fathered, a son, Bruce Wayne Jr, with her. However, his attraction to Selina Kyle, Catwoman, led to their divorce with Bruce Wayne Jr remaining in his custody. In the 1960's, The first Robin, Richard Grayson, became the new Batman while Bruce Wayne Jr became became Robin II. Dick Grayson was still a former member of the Teen Titans, and was married to Starfire.
The DC Universe was divided between Pre-Crisis and Post Crisis given the massive changes to the company. Many consider this the start of the Iron Age.
The Dark Knight Returns and Watchmen, two of the most influential Graphic Novels in Comic History, both debuted at around the same time.
Alan Moore's
Twilight of the Superheroes was released in 1987 and while non canon, would change the landscape of the Comic industry as Moore had done several times.
Twilight was Moore's take on the DC future idea seen in Frank Miller's
The Dark Knight Returns. Moore's reason for making the story was the way he pitched it to DC: Who cares? it's not canon. It's just a fun story. The story featured the darkest depiction of Superheroes since Moore's own
Watchmen. In this story, the Superheroes had formed their own Houses after a government collapse and the series ended with a massive battle for power between them won by a resistance of normal humans led by the presumed dead Batman in which many Heroes were killed. It was Moore's idea to pitch everything from T-shirts to tie ins for the event. DC enjoyed a practice of implying that possible futures could still happen and elements from the story such as Hypertime and Sodam Yat(the strongest Green Lantern) were introduced later into canon. The Dark Future of
Twilight of the Superheroes, was declared as taking place on the newly introduced Earth 5, as it could fit into Moore's own Captain Marvel series(Moore's Captain Marvel run can essentially be taken as showing how Captain Marvel's faction rose to power while
Twilight starts with the Marvel Family being one of many Houses), though this required some retconning of several of the DC superheroes on Earth 5, though since this was after the Crisis this was easy to do.
Dark Knight Returns was also fit into this world(The world believed Batman dead at the start of
Twilight and Batman faked his death in
The Dark Knight Returns).
Twilight of the Superheroes was a huge success. The Word "
Twilight" used to refer to the story arc was instantly recognizable, just as Moore had done with mention of
Watchmen. Watchmen itself was declared as taking place on Earth 4 in DC's multiverse, ironic as that Earth had previously been home to the Charlton Comic characters, which the
Watchmen characters were originally supposed to be before DC disapproved the story since it would have rendered most of the characters dead and unusable, leading Moore to create new characters.
The Dark Knight Returns, Watchmen and
Twilight helped to change the public perception of Comics into a genuine form of literature.
The House of Thunder from Twilight of the Superheroes
Alan Moore also popularized the character of
Swamp Thing. After he left that book, Rick Veitch took over as of issue #64. He was able to get in a story in issue #88 in which Swamp Thing is revealed to be the cupbearer who offered Jesus water when he called for it from the cross. When Veitch left the book in 1989, Neil Gaiman took over and initiated a crossover featuring all of the DC Universe's plant-themed heroes and villains. Seeds for this had already been planted in a couple of Gaiman-written comic issues featuring Poison Ivy and Jason Woodrue. This led to a reformation for Poison Ivy, since she could not longer claim to fight for plant life when Swamp Thing, the Avatar of the Green, fought to save humanity. Poison Ivy thus reformed and eventually began a relationship with Harley Quinn in the 90's. Moore also wrote for the Question for a time, ironically making the character more like Rorschach and telling a story of the hero trying to prevent a father from murdering his own daughter(This story is similar to an OTL
Vigilante story written by Moore, now it features the Question instead, who is more brutal. This story also butterflies away the controversial The Question #26 in which the Question let a murderer fo simply because it was Christmas).
The late 1980's saw the cancellation of several long running World War II Comics that had been running since the 1960's, many of which had grown to over 100 issues such as
Sgt. Rock,
G.I. Combat,
The Unknown Soldier, and
Weird War Tales. The reason for this was simple, the Cold War was ending, and peace was on everyone's mind.
After the Crisis, DC released several mandates. There was no plan to bring back Barry Allen as many of the writers believed this would sour his death. Wally West would continue to be the Flash(No new 52 Wally West is introduced ITTL). Bart Allen was introduced as the perpetual kid Sidekick and new Kid Flash, though he would get his own series after he became old enough to become the Flash, taking over from Wally. A DC editorial mandate was handed down concerning the Joker. The Joker had recently made three Iconic appearances,
The Dark Knight Returns, the Killing Joke, and
A Death in the Family. In those stories he had been killed, crippled Barbara Gordon, and murdered the second Robin Jason Todd. DC felt that using him too much took away from the character's appeal and feared oversaturation. Originally he would only appear in big events in Batman's life or in cameos, though this only applied to Comics. Other media appearances were fair game. Another rule was that Joker's origin could never be confirmed, as it added to his mystery. However, a surprising idea was greenlit. The Joker would die in the event
Last Laugh. This choice was made largely due to the feared oversaturation of the character and he was given a final send off, where he is accidentally killed while Batman was trying to save a young boy named Tim Drake from being turned into a mini Joker.
Science Fiction Writer Larry Niven took over Green Lantern and wrote "The Green Lantern Bible", which established the Post-Crisis history of the Green Lantern Corps, and incorporated hard science fiction concepts into the Green Lantern mythos. This almost included making Guy Gardner an alien but this was cut. The Mandate basically made the Bible law for a time until Gaiman would receive permission to contradict the contents.
The event known as
Legends depicted Darkseid, now only a spirit following his death, attacking Earth by having his henchman Glorious Godfrey turn mankind against the Superheroes, using his ability to control anyone who hears his voice, and then sending Brimstone to attack Earth. This led to the formation of the Suicide Squad as well as a New Justice League made to answer to the UN called
Justice League International. Kevin Maguire was pulling double duty on this series and the Wild Card Series with Kurt Busiek, which introduced the titular new Superhero(who fittingly would have the Joker as a villain prior to his death, along with the Royal Flush Gang).
DC became a Subsidiary of Time Warner in March 1989. The company began publishing hardcover series and collections or important issues in a character's run following the success of the Batman films. This also led to old and rare stories being seen by fans when included in these collections and a preservation effort began, leading to color restoration by long time colourist Bob LeRose. This also led to a rise in some of the more unrecognized talent.
British writers such as Moore, Gaiman and Morrison had been gaining traction in the Comic Industry since 1984, and had gotten their start writing Non Superhero-and Horror franchises, leading to a revival of those genres. The resurgence of more sophisticated horror-fantasy led DC to launch the Vertigo imprint for mature readers in 1993.